Ideal Gas Law Example Problem

The ideal gas law is  an equation of state the describes the behavior of an ideal gas and also a real gas under conditions of ordinary temperature and low pressure. This is one of the most useful gas laws to know because it can be used to find pressure, volume, number of moles, or temperature of a gas. The formula for the ideal gas law is: PV nRT P pressureV volumen number of moles of gasR   ideal or universal  gas constant   0.08 L atm / mol KT   absolute temperature  in Kelvin Sometimes, you may use another version of the ideal gas law: PV NkT where: N number of moleculesk   Boltzmann constant 1.38066 x 10-23  J/K 8.617385 x 10-5  eV/K Ideal Gas Law Example One of the easiest applications of the ideal gas law is to find the unknown value, given all the others. 6.2 liters of an ideal gas is contained at 3.0 atm and 37  °C. How many moles of this gas are present? Solution The ideal gas law states PV nRT Because the units of the gas constant are given using atmospheres, moles, and Kelvin, its important to make sure you convert values given in other temperature or pressure scales. For this problem, convert  °C temperature to K using the equation: T  °C 273 T 37  °C 273T 310 K Now, you can plug in the values. Solve ideal gas law for the number of moles n PV / RT n ( 3.0 atm x 6.2 L ) / ( 0.08 L atm /mol K x 310 K)n 0.75 mol Answer There are 0.75 mol of the ideal gas present in the system.

Unemployment On The Us Economy Essay - 963 Words

Name: Instructor: Subject: Date: Unemployment in US economy The unemployment turnover view has a strong base on the contemporary thinking about unemployment in the entire United States. Joblessness or unemployment takes place when an individual searches for another new job and devotes most of time searching for another job. Moreover, unemployment comes into being if an individual goes in search of a new employment after being out of labor force for a long time. The individuals in search of employment get employed in monthly duration in a range of 10% to 40%. The unemployment varies directly with separation rate and varies indirectly with the rate of searching for a job. For a long time, labor market students have believed that the time of acute rise in unemployment or recession were due to increased rates of separation from jobs and decreased rates of finding jobs. From this perspective, the period of recession starts by the trend of layoffs. The trends of layoffs are mainly done in industries of durable goods. As labor market gets crowded with those seeking for employment, the rate of finding jobs decreases and the after unemployment duration rises. In contrary, recent research and data have disapproved this argument. The new perspective views separations as to have no contribution to the increased problems of unemployment during the period of recession. The reason behind increased unemployment during the recession is difficulties in finding jobs, not the dumping of thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Factors Affecting Unemployment : A Study Of Us Economy Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesEffecting Unemployment: A Study of US Economy in 1985-2014 Introduction In the past few years, the US unemployment rate dynamically fluctuated: more than five millions jobs were cut in November 2008 due to economic crisis, but recently, the unemployment rate dropped by 0.3 point after eight years. Figure 1 revealed how the US unemployment rate fluctuated over the last three decades. On the other hand, one of the major signs of an economy’s health and the testimony of economic growth, unemployment rateRead MoreThe Effects Of Unemployment On The United States942 Words   |  4 PagesStates in the aspect of unemployment, but the US currently has a very low rate of 4.8% (List of Countries). The country that is currently doing the best is Qatar with a rate of 0.4%. This could be for many reasons such as population (List of Countries). One thing that I have found is that there is a direct correlation to standard of living and unemployment rate. 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This means in the sense that only finite and insufficient resources are available to satisfy the needs and wants of all human beings. Since resources are scarce the basic idea revolves aroun d how resources should be allocated and utilized effectively and efficiently. Moreover how resources can be put to use to give out a maximum efficient output. Human beings are one of the greatest resources present in the economy. The underutilization of human beingsRead MoreThe Unemployment And Output Statistics992 Words   |  4 PagesThe changes in the unemployment and output statistics of the United States since October 2014 have been unusual. These numbers can suggest two things: the numbers are fluctuating so much that they might not be meaningful enough to think of our economy as going into a recession or our economy can be in a little recession. To understand this more in-depth two articles describe the numbers of unemployment and output statistics that illustrates that the US economy can be seen as going into a tiny recessionRead MoreBusiness Cycle1566 Words   |  7 Pagescycle played an important role to show what a national economy is going; therefore, this essay will define what business cycle is and its characteristics. Besides, all of variables such as Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), inflation and unemployment rate and their behaviour in the business cycle will be also demonstrated in the second part. The final part of this essay will analyse and compare the situation of Australian economy and USA economy in period of 10 years since 1998 based on the conceptRead MoreEconomic Critique1396 Words   |  6 Pagesa recession, and the unemployment rate is at an all-time high. The unemployment rate consists of people not only out of work but also those who can work and are actively looking for work (Colander, 2010). 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My purpose is that Fed would definitely raise the interest in short term considering both inflation and unemployment rate by now. The raise in interest rate would lead to lower levels of capital investment but after 7 years growth on economy, it is time to slow down and get an insurance for future inflation. The contractionary monetary policy is to decreasing the money supply to higher interest rate, in the meanwhileRead MoreThe United States And Japanese Economies1583 Words   |  7 PagesLeading Indicators Comparison of the United States and Japanese Economies The United States has for more than a century maintained the largest economy in the world. Japan, on the other hand, currently has the third largest economy in the world (according to some estimates) after realizing incredible growth since the damage and ruin it experienced during World War II (BBC, 2015). This essay compares and contrasts the current economies of the United States and Japan in terms of three leading economic

Oxidation Lab Different Metals Undergo Oxidation and Reduction free essay sample

You are going to investigate the ease with which different metals undergo oxidation and reduction. Materials:| 4 samples of each of: lead, zinc, iron, copper | spot plates steel wool/sand paper | | | | Solutions of: | copper(II) sulfate Ferric nitrate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate | | Procedure: 1. Obtain 4 samples of each metal and clean with steel wool or sand paper. Wash your hands after cleaning the metals so you are not exposed to lead dust). 2. Fill four bubbles on a spot plate with one of the solutions. Place one metal in each of the bubbles. Observe and record the before and after appearance. 3. Fill four new bubbles with a second solution. Place one sample of each metal in each of the bubbles. Observe and record the before and after appearance. 4. Repeat the above until all four solutions have been tested. Hypothesis: Write the reaction equation for each metal in copper (II) sulfate. Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Cu+2(aq)+2e- Cu0(s)| You will Id the products by the chemical reaction that will occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Oxidation Lab Different Metals Undergo Oxidation and Reduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zinc be the element under going oxidation as it looses electrons and copper will be the reduction as it gains electrons. | Pb(s)+CuSO4 (aq) Cu SO4 (aq) + Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Fe(s)+CuSO4 (aq) + FeSO4 (aq) +Cu(s)Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e-Cu+2(s) + +-e Cu0(s)| Oxidation will occur because iron has high oxidation number then copper. | Cu(s)+CuSO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Write the reaction equation for each metal in Ferric nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Fe(NO3)3(aq) + Z (s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Pb(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Pb (NO3)3(aq) +Fe(s)Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq)+2e-Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s)| Lead will be oxidized. Iron will be reduced| Fe(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Fe(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Cu(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Cu (NO3)3(aq) +Fe(s)Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e-Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s)| Copper will be oxidized and iron will be reduced. | Write the reaction equation for each metal in Lead (II) nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? Zn(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Pb+4(aq) + +4e- Pb0(s)| Zinc will be oxidized and lead will be reduced. | Pb(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Pb(s) + Pb(NO3)2 | No reaction| Fe(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Cu(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Write the reaction equation for each me tal in silver nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) ZnNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Zinc will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Pb(s) + AgNO3(aq) PbNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq) +2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Lead will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Fe(s) + AgNO3(aq) FeNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Iron will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq) CuNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Copper will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Part II: Once you have submitted your hypothesis, view the lab results here, create an observations table, and complete the discussion questions. Discussion Questions: Write the oxidation half-reaction, reduction half-reaction and the redox equation for each reaction you observed. Zinc + Copper (II) Sulfate * Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Cu+2(aq)+2e- Cu0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Cu+2(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Cu0(s) Balanced redox Iron and Copper (II) Sulfate * Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e- Oxidation half- reaction Cu+2(aq) + +-e Cu0(s) Reduction half reaction * Fe0(s) + Cu+2(aq) Fe+3(aq) + Cu0(s) Balanced redox Ferric Nitrate and Lead * Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq)+2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s) Reduction half reaction * Pb0(s) + Fe+3(aq) Pb+2(aq) + Fe0(s) Balanced redox Copper and Ferric Nitrate * Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s) Reduction half reaction * Cu0(s) + Fe+3(aq) Cu+2(aq) + Fe0(s) Balanced redox Zinc and Lead (II) Nitrate Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Pb+4(aq) + +4e- Pb0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Pb+4(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Pb0(s) Balanced redox Zinc and Silver Nitrate * Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Iron and Silver Nitrate * Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Fe0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Fe+3(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Copper and Silver Nitrate Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Cu0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Cu+2(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Lead and Silver Nitrate * Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq) +2e- Oxidation Half reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Pb0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Pb+2(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Which metal underwent the most reactions? Zinc underwent the most reactions during this experiment. Zinc reacted with 3 out of 4 solutions, the only solution it did not react with was zinc iron. Which cation underwent the most reactions? Silver underwent the most reactions as it reacted with all four metal samples. Which metal underwent the most oxidations? Zinc underwent the most oxidation in this experiment. Which metal underwent the most reductions? Silver Nitrate underwent the most reductions and it was reduced by all four metal samples. Compare the metal that was most easily oxidized with the metal that was most easily reduced with their positions on the reactivity series. Is there any trend present? Silver(Ag),was most easily reduced and was lowest on the reactivity series in comparison with the other solutions. Zinc (Zn) had the highest reactivity out of all the metal samples it was compared against. If your dog accidentally swallowed a sentimental keepsake, with which of the above metals would you hope it was made? Why? If my dog swallowed something that held meaning to me, I would hope that it would have been copper because copper does not react with acids. There is stomach acid in a dog and copper would have most likely stood up to the stomach contents. Other metals could react with the contents of the dogs stomach, such as water, steam from the dogs breath on the way down and the acid in the dogs stomach. How did your results compare to your hypothesis? Did you get what you expected? My hypothesis was correct with the reactions of the metals and solutions. I did expect silver nitrate to react with all the metals as the cation is lower on the reactivity series. I also expected zinc to react with all the solutions except the ferric solution because ferric has a higher oxidation number that the zinc.

Twice Reborn free essay sample

1988, Siem Reap, Cambodia Tuy was beginning another day in the rice paddies. It was slow and meticulous work, pulling weeds one by one with the hot summer sun beating on his back. He would carefully move down the row, taking one side step at a time. As he stepped to his left, he heard a click. Tuy froze. Having been forced to serve in the Khmer Rouge for many years, he knew what that sound meant: in a matter of seconds, his life would change forever. When the landmine went off, it blew Tuy 10 feet into the air, taking both his legs with it. 2005, Concord, New Hampshire Im in my fifth-grade classroom and I stand up to walk to the chalkboard. We will write a custom essay sample on Twice Reborn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I start walking, my back spasms, which throws my head back. My leg wont straighten. I reluctantly look to my friend for help and he comes to my aid, grabbing my arm and helping me to the chalkboard. Although I am thankful for his support, I dont like needing it. I want to walk normally. Walking is something most of us take for granted – until we cant do it. From fifth to tenth grade I had a lot of trouble walking because of a neurological disease called dystonia. I was in and out of a wheelchair for much of those five years. When I first got the wheelchair, I remember I considered putting a â€Å"temporary† sign on the back because I couldnt stand the idea of not being able to walk. But very quickly I learned how to pop a wheelie and started racing fellow students (and the occasional teacher) down the hallway. The wheelchair that I was initially afraid of gave me back a large part of my mobility and allowed me to be more self-reliant. Like me, Tuy also couldnt stand the idea of not being able to walk. Yet for 22 years he was forced to rely on others to help him move around. In the summer of 2009, I went to Cambodia and helped build wheelchairs for Tuy and 11 others. Building wheelchairs was humbling, but giving them out was remarkable. Helping others regain their mobility was an incredible experience. Yet a wheelchair is not just a mode of transportation. For many it gives back a sense of confidence and independence they lost with their ability to walk. When Tuy picked out his wheelchair and began to move around freely, it was as though he was reborn. I know the feeling. It happened to me twice: first, when I was given a wheelchair, and second, when I had deep brain stimulation surgery, which involved the placement of two probes inside my brain. A month later, I slowly began to regain my ability to walk, and this time, I looked normal. My experience with dystonia made me a candidate with the Make-A-Wish Foundation. My wish was to go to Cambodia to build and distribute wheelchairs to those who were disfigured by landmines. Because of dystonia, I am a different person. I now greatly value my independence and have learned to never give up. Yet thats not all that changed. I have developed a different view of life. I now appreciate the little things, whether its being able to stand up in the shower or just walk around with friends. I am almost always smiling, and I make sure I dont take a day for granted because you never know what might happen tomorrow.

Japans Genpei War, 1180 - 1185

Japan's Genpei War, 1180 - 1185 Date: 1180-1185 Location: Honshu and Kyushu, Japan Outcome: Minamoto clan prevails and almost wipes out Taira; Heian era ends and Kamakura shogunate begins The Genpei War (also romanized as Gempei War) in Japan was the first conflict between large samurai factions.  Although it happened nearly 1,000 years ago, people today still remember the names and accomplishments of some of the great warriors who fought in this civil war. Sometimes compared with Englands War of the Roses, the Genpei War featured two families fighting for power.  White was the clan color of the Minamoto, like the House of York, while the Taira used red like the Lancasters.  However, the Genpei War predated the Wars of the Roses by three hundred years.  In addition, the Minamoto and Taira were not fighting to take the throne of Japan; instead, each wanted to control the imperial succession. Lead-up to the War The Taira and Minamoto clans were rival powers behind the throne. They sought to control the emperors by having their own favorite candidates take the throne.  In the Hogen Disturbance of 1156 and the Heiji Disturbance of 1160, though, it was the Taira who came out on top.   Both families had daughters who had married into the imperial line.  However, after the Taira victories in the disturbances, Taira no Kiyomori became the Minister of State; as a result, he was able to ensure that his daughters three-year-old son became the next emperor in March of 1180.  It was the enthronement of little Emperor Antoku that led the Minamoto to revolt. War Breaks Out On May 5, 1180, Minamoto Yoritomo and his favored candidate for the throne, Prince Mochihito, sent out a call to war.  They rallied samurai families related to or allied with the Minamoto, as well as warrior monks from various Buddhist monasteries.  By June 15, Minister Kiyomori had issued a warrant for his arrest, so Prince Mochihito was forced to flee Kyoto and seek refuge in the monastery of Mii-dera.  With thousands of Taira troops marching toward the monastery, the prince and 300 Minamoto warriors raced south toward Nara, where additional warrior monks would reinforce them. The exhausted prince had to stop to rest, however, so the Minamoto forces took refuge with the monks at the easily defensible monastery of Byodo-in.  They hoped that monks from Nara would arrive to reinforce them before the Taira army did.  Just in case, however, they tore the planks from the only bridge across the river to Byodo-in. At first light the next day, June 20, the Taira army marched quietly up to Byodo-in, hidden by thick fog.  The Minamoto suddenly heard the Taira war-cry  and replied with their own.  A fierce battle followed, with monks and samurai firing arrows through the mist at one another.  Soldiers from the Tairas allies, the Ashikaga, forded the river and pressed the attack.  Prince Mochihito tried to escape to Nara in the chaos, but the Taira caught up with him and executed him.  The Nara monks marching toward Byodo-in heard that they were too late to help the Minamoto, and turned back.  Minamoto Yorimasa, meanwhile, committed the first classical seppuku in history, writing a death poem on his war-fan, and then cutting open his own abdomen. It seemed that the Minamoto revolt and thus the Genpei War had come to an abrupt end.  In vengeance, the Taira sacked and burned the monasteries that had offered aid to the Minamoto, slaughtering thousands of monks and burning Kofuku-ji and Todai-ji in Nara to the ground. Yoritomo Takes Over The leadership of the Minamoto clan passed to the 33-year-old Minamoto no Yoritomo, who was living as a hostage in the home of a Taira-allied family.  Yoritomo soon learned that there was a bounty on his head.  He organized some local Minamoto allies, and escaped from the Taira, but lost most of his small army in the Battle of Ishibashiyama on September 14.  Yoritomo escaped with his life, fleeing into the woods with Taira pursuers close behind.   Yoritomo made it to the town of Kamakura, which was solidly Minamoto territory.  He called in reinforcements from all of the allied families in the area.  On November 9, 1180, at the so-called Battle of the Fujigawa (Fuji River), the Minamoto and allies faced an over-extended Taira army.  With poor leadership and long supply lines, the Taira decided to withdraw back to Kyoto without offering a fight.   A hilarious and likely exaggerated account of the events at Fujigawa in the Heiki Monogatari claims that a flock of water-fowl on the river marshes was started into flight in the middle of the night.  Hearing the thunder of their wings, the Taira soldiers panicked and fled, grabbing bows without arrows or taking their arrows but leaving their bows.  The record even claims that Taira troops were mounting tethered animals and whipping them up so that they galloped round and round the post to which they were tied. Whatever the true cause of the Taira retreat, there followed a two-year lull in the fighting.  Japan faced a series of droughts and floods that destroyed the rice and barley crops in 1180 and 1181.  Famine and disease ravaged the countryside; an estimated 100,000 died.  Many people blamed the Taira, who had slaughtered monks and burned down temples.  They believed that the Taira had brought down the wrath of the gods with their impious actions, and noted that Minamoto lands did not suffer as badly as those controlled by the Taira. Fighting began again in July of 1182, and the Minamoto had a new champion called Yoshinaka, a rough-hewn cousin of Yoritomos, but an excellent general.  As Minamoto Yoshinaka won skirmishes against the Taira  and considered marching on Kyoto, Yoritomo grew increasingly concerned about his cousins ambitions.  He sent an army against Yoshinaka in the spring of 1183, but the two sides managed to negotiate a settlement rather than fighting one another. Fortunately for them, the Taira were in disarray.  They had conscripted a huge army, marching forth on May 10, 1183, but were so disorganized that their food ran out just nine miles east of Kyoto.  The officers ordered the conscripts to plunder food as they passed from their own provinces, which were just recovering from the famine.  This prompted mass desertions. As they entered Minamoto territory, the Taira divided their army into two forces.  Minamoto Yoshinaka managed to lure the larger section into a narrow valley; at the Battle of Kurikara, according to the epics, Seventy thousand horsemen of the Taira perish[ed], buried in this one deep valley; the mountain streams ran with their blood... This would prove the turning point in the Genpei War. Minamoto In-Fighting Kyoto erupted in panic at the news of the Taira defeat in Kurikara.  On August 14, 1183, the Taira fled the capital.  They took along most of the imperial family, including the child emperor, and the crown jewels.  Three days later, Yoshinakas branch of the Minamoto army marched into Kyoto, accompanied by the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa. Yoritomo was nearly as panicked as the Taira were by his cousins triumphal march.  However, Yoshinaka soon earned the hatred of the citizens of Kyoto, allowing his troops to pillage and rob people regardless of their political affiliation.  In February of 1184, Yoshinaka heard that Yoritomos army was coming to the capital to expel him, led by another cousin, Yoritomos courtly younger brother Minamoto Yoshitsune.  Yoshitsunes men quickly dispatched Yoshinakas army.  Yoshinakas wife, the famous female samurai Tomoe Gozen, is said to have escaped after taking a head as a trophy.  Yoshinaka himself was beheaded while trying to escape on February 21, 1184. End of the War and Aftermath: What remained of the Taira loyalist army retreated into their heartland.  It took the Minamoto some time to mop them up.  Almost a year after Yoshitsune ousted his cousin from Kyoto, in February of 1185, the Minamoto seized the Taira fortress and make-shift capital at Yashima.   On March 24, 1185, the final major battle of the Genpei War took place.  It was a naval battle in the Shimonoseki Strait, a half-day fight called the Battle of Dan-no-ura. Minamoto no Yoshitsune commanded his clans fleet of 800 ships, while Taira no Munemori led the Taira fleet, 500 strong.  The Taira were more familiar with the tides and currents in the area, so initially were able to surround the larger Minamoto fleet and pin them down with long-range archery shots.  The fleets closed in for hand-to-hand combat, with samurai leaping aboard their opponents ships and fighting with long and short swords.  As the battle wore on, the turning tide forced the Taira ships up against the rocky coastline, pursued by the Minamoto fleet. When the tides of battle turned against them, so to speak, many of the Taira samurai jumped into the sea to drown rather than being killed by the Minamoto.  The seven-year-old Emperor Antoku and his grandmother also jumped in and perished.  Local people believe that small crabs that live in the Shimonoseki Strait are possessed by the ghosts of the Taira samurai; the crabs have a pattern on their shells that looks like a samurais face. After the Genpei War, Minamoto Yoritomo formed the first bakufu and ruled as Japans first shogun from his capital at Kamakura.  The Kamakura shogunate was the first of various bakufu that would rule the country until 1868  when the Meiji Restoration returned political power to the emperors. Ironically, within thirty years of the Minamoto victory in the Genpei War, political power would be usurped from them by regents (shikken) from the Hojo clan.  And who were they?  Well, the Hojo were a branch of the Taira family. Sources Arnn, Barbara L.  Local Legends of the Genpei War: Reflections of Medieval Japanese History, Asian Folklore Studies, 38:2 (1979), pp. 1-10. Conlan, Thomas.  The Nature of Warfare in Fourteenth-Century Japan: The Record of Nomoto Tomoyuki, Journal for Japanese Studies, 25:2 (1999), pp. 299-330. Hall, John W.  The Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1990). Turnbull, Stephen.  The Samurai: A Military History, Oxford: Routledge (2013).

How to Study for a Philosophy Exam

How to Study for a Philosophy Exam Perhaps youve heard this story: Thirty students are waiting to write a final exam for a philosophy course on the Theory of Knowledge. The professor enters the room, hands out blue books, picks up  a chair, places it on top of a table, and says, You are to write just one essay on this exam. Prove to me that this chair exists. You have two hours. A minute later one student gets up, turns in her answer book and leaves. The rest of the class slave away for two hours, explaining foundationalism, pragmatism, materialism, idealism, and every other ism they think is relevant.  But when the exams are returned, only one essay receives an A- the one turned in early.  The classmates of the student who got the A naturally demand to see her essay.  She shows it them. It consists of two words: What chair? If you have a philosophy final coming up, and youre feeling witty, you could try a strategy like that. But we wouldnt recommend it. Theres a 99.9% probability that in the real world, the two-word essay would have received a big fat F. In the real world, the most important thing to remember is to study for the exam in an active rather than passive way. What does that mean? Passive studying is where you look over your class notes, notes taken from books, old essays. Research has shown that this is not very effective. This may be especially true in philosophy because the abstractness of the material can often make recall difficult. So how can you make your studying active?  Here are four ways. Write Practice Essays, Preferably Timed This is probably the single most valuable exercise you can do. Writing under exam conditions- time limits and no notesforces you to organize what you know, strengthens your ability to recall details (definitions, arguments, objections, etc.), and often prompts original thoughts of your own that you might end up including if you write on the same topic in the exam. Most teachers should  be able and willing to give you sample questions that you can use for this purpose. Read, Keeping Practice Essays in Mind Before writing a practice essay, youll naturally need to prepare by studying the relevant material. But doing this sort of focused, purposeful studying is much better than just scanning many pages of notes and texts and hoping that some of it sticks. Think up Your Own Examples to Illustrate Abstract Points For instance, if youre writing about how utilitarians might be willing to sacrifice individual rights in order to promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number, you might think about a group of peeping toms who are all spying on someone in the shower. Its much easier to remember concrete examples than abstract principles; but once you do, youll probably find it easy to  recall the theoretical point the examples are making. Whoever is reading the essay may also give you credit if you use original illustrative examples: it shows you really understand what you are talking about and not just mindlessly repeating what someone else has said. Practice Making Outlines After youve written a practice essay and you have the material fully in mind, draft an outline for the essay youve just written, perhaps with some improvements. Again, this will help to organize your thinking and should help improve your ability to recall the material during the exam. Bottom Line The  mechanical basics of preparing for any  final are pretty much the same for all subjects: get a  good nights sleep; eat a good breakfast (or lunch) so your brain is fueled; make sure you have a spare pen. Some people also think it helps to sleep with the textbook under your pillow. Experts are skeptical about this strategy but, to date, its ineffectiveness has  never been conclusively proved.

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice - Essay Example It may also lead them avoid seeking care for fear of being exposed against their will. This could lead to serious consequences, for instance further injury or even death in certain instances. Secondly, breach of confidentiality could make a patient feel disrespected by the physicians or healthcare providers. The provisions of confidentiality provide for a means for the preservation of the patient’s privacy and autonomy rights. Therefore, breaching of confidentiality is similar to breaching the privacy and autonomy rights of an individual, which is unethical in healthcare. Thirdly, when healthcare providers or physicians enter into a relationship with patients, there must be fidelity that calls for respect for confidentiality that is developed implicitly and as required by the code of ethics that guides medical and healthcare practice for all health care professionals. This means that the healthcare professional has the obligation to keep the patient’s confidentiality to earn his or her trust and be able to provide the needed care for the patient. When healthcare professionals breach confidentiality, they break the trust and fidelity put upon them by the patients and act irresponsibly. This will therefore be unethical. Several ethical principles emphasize on the importance of confidentiality in healthcare provision. These principles include beneficence, Non-malfeasance, autonomy, justice and truthfulness. The principle of beneficence entails the compassion that health professionals should show towards patients. This means that health professionals must desire to do good and an aspect of this is to keep the patient confidentiality, as it is an important factor in patient advocacy. Non-malfeasance is also an important principle in the sense that it stipulates that health professionals should ensure the avoidance of harm as a core of medical oath and nursing ethics. Breaching patient confidentiality equals to malfeasance. The