Ideal Gas Law Example Problem

The ideal gas law is  an equation of state the describes the behavior of an ideal gas and also a real gas under conditions of ordinary temperature and low pressure. This is one of the most useful gas laws to know because it can be used to find pressure, volume, number of moles, or temperature of a gas. The formula for the ideal gas law is: PV nRT P pressureV volumen number of moles of gasR   ideal or universal  gas constant   0.08 L atm / mol KT   absolute temperature  in Kelvin Sometimes, you may use another version of the ideal gas law: PV NkT where: N number of moleculesk   Boltzmann constant 1.38066 x 10-23  J/K 8.617385 x 10-5  eV/K Ideal Gas Law Example One of the easiest applications of the ideal gas law is to find the unknown value, given all the others. 6.2 liters of an ideal gas is contained at 3.0 atm and 37  °C. How many moles of this gas are present? Solution The ideal gas law states PV nRT Because the units of the gas constant are given using atmospheres, moles, and Kelvin, its important to make sure you convert values given in other temperature or pressure scales. For this problem, convert  °C temperature to K using the equation: T  °C 273 T 37  °C 273T 310 K Now, you can plug in the values. Solve ideal gas law for the number of moles n PV / RT n ( 3.0 atm x 6.2 L ) / ( 0.08 L atm /mol K x 310 K)n 0.75 mol Answer There are 0.75 mol of the ideal gas present in the system.

Unemployment On The Us Economy Essay - 963 Words

Name: Instructor: Subject: Date: Unemployment in US economy The unemployment turnover view has a strong base on the contemporary thinking about unemployment in the entire United States. Joblessness or unemployment takes place when an individual searches for another new job and devotes most of time searching for another job. Moreover, unemployment comes into being if an individual goes in search of a new employment after being out of labor force for a long time. The individuals in search of employment get employed in monthly duration in a range of 10% to 40%. The unemployment varies directly with separation rate and varies indirectly with the rate of searching for a job. For a long time, labor market students have believed that the time of acute rise in unemployment or recession were due to increased rates of separation from jobs and decreased rates of finding jobs. From this perspective, the period of recession starts by the trend of layoffs. The trends of layoffs are mainly done in industries of durable goods. As labor market gets crowded with those seeking for employment, the rate of finding jobs decreases and the after unemployment duration rises. In contrary, recent research and data have disapproved this argument. The new perspective views separations as to have no contribution to the increased problems of unemployment during the period of recession. The reason behind increased unemployment during the recession is difficulties in finding jobs, not the dumping of thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Factors Affecting Unemployment : A Study Of Us Economy Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesEffecting Unemployment: A Study of US Economy in 1985-2014 Introduction In the past few years, the US unemployment rate dynamically fluctuated: more than five millions jobs were cut in November 2008 due to economic crisis, but recently, the unemployment rate dropped by 0.3 point after eight years. 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Oxidation Lab Different Metals Undergo Oxidation and Reduction free essay sample

You are going to investigate the ease with which different metals undergo oxidation and reduction. Materials:| 4 samples of each of: lead, zinc, iron, copper | spot plates steel wool/sand paper | | | | Solutions of: | copper(II) sulfate Ferric nitrate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate | | Procedure: 1. Obtain 4 samples of each metal and clean with steel wool or sand paper. Wash your hands after cleaning the metals so you are not exposed to lead dust). 2. Fill four bubbles on a spot plate with one of the solutions. Place one metal in each of the bubbles. Observe and record the before and after appearance. 3. Fill four new bubbles with a second solution. Place one sample of each metal in each of the bubbles. Observe and record the before and after appearance. 4. Repeat the above until all four solutions have been tested. Hypothesis: Write the reaction equation for each metal in copper (II) sulfate. Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Cu+2(aq)+2e- Cu0(s)| You will Id the products by the chemical reaction that will occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Oxidation Lab Different Metals Undergo Oxidation and Reduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zinc be the element under going oxidation as it looses electrons and copper will be the reduction as it gains electrons. | Pb(s)+CuSO4 (aq) Cu SO4 (aq) + Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Fe(s)+CuSO4 (aq) + FeSO4 (aq) +Cu(s)Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e-Cu+2(s) + +-e Cu0(s)| Oxidation will occur because iron has high oxidation number then copper. | Cu(s)+CuSO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Write the reaction equation for each metal in Ferric nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Fe(NO3)3(aq) + Z (s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Pb(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Pb (NO3)3(aq) +Fe(s)Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq)+2e-Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s)| Lead will be oxidized. Iron will be reduced| Fe(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Fe(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Cu(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Cu (NO3)3(aq) +Fe(s)Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e-Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s)| Copper will be oxidized and iron will be reduced. | Write the reaction equation for each metal in Lead (II) nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? Zn(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Pb+4(aq) + +4e- Pb0(s)| Zinc will be oxidized and lead will be reduced. | Pb(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Pb(s) + Pb(NO3)2 | No reaction| Fe(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Cu(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Write the reaction equation for each me tal in silver nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) ZnNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Zinc will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Pb(s) + AgNO3(aq) PbNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq) +2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Lead will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Fe(s) + AgNO3(aq) FeNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Iron will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq) CuNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Copper will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Part II: Once you have submitted your hypothesis, view the lab results here, create an observations table, and complete the discussion questions. Discussion Questions: Write the oxidation half-reaction, reduction half-reaction and the redox equation for each reaction you observed. Zinc + Copper (II) Sulfate * Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Cu+2(aq)+2e- Cu0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Cu+2(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Cu0(s) Balanced redox Iron and Copper (II) Sulfate * Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e- Oxidation half- reaction Cu+2(aq) + +-e Cu0(s) Reduction half reaction * Fe0(s) + Cu+2(aq) Fe+3(aq) + Cu0(s) Balanced redox Ferric Nitrate and Lead * Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq)+2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s) Reduction half reaction * Pb0(s) + Fe+3(aq) Pb+2(aq) + Fe0(s) Balanced redox Copper and Ferric Nitrate * Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s) Reduction half reaction * Cu0(s) + Fe+3(aq) Cu+2(aq) + Fe0(s) Balanced redox Zinc and Lead (II) Nitrate Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Pb+4(aq) + +4e- Pb0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Pb+4(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Pb0(s) Balanced redox Zinc and Silver Nitrate * Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Iron and Silver Nitrate * Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Fe0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Fe+3(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Copper and Silver Nitrate Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Cu0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Cu+2(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Lead and Silver Nitrate * Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq) +2e- Oxidation Half reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Pb0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Pb+2(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Which metal underwent the most reactions? Zinc underwent the most reactions during this experiment. Zinc reacted with 3 out of 4 solutions, the only solution it did not react with was zinc iron. Which cation underwent the most reactions? Silver underwent the most reactions as it reacted with all four metal samples. Which metal underwent the most oxidations? Zinc underwent the most oxidation in this experiment. Which metal underwent the most reductions? Silver Nitrate underwent the most reductions and it was reduced by all four metal samples. Compare the metal that was most easily oxidized with the metal that was most easily reduced with their positions on the reactivity series. Is there any trend present? Silver(Ag),was most easily reduced and was lowest on the reactivity series in comparison with the other solutions. Zinc (Zn) had the highest reactivity out of all the metal samples it was compared against. If your dog accidentally swallowed a sentimental keepsake, with which of the above metals would you hope it was made? Why? If my dog swallowed something that held meaning to me, I would hope that it would have been copper because copper does not react with acids. There is stomach acid in a dog and copper would have most likely stood up to the stomach contents. Other metals could react with the contents of the dogs stomach, such as water, steam from the dogs breath on the way down and the acid in the dogs stomach. How did your results compare to your hypothesis? Did you get what you expected? My hypothesis was correct with the reactions of the metals and solutions. I did expect silver nitrate to react with all the metals as the cation is lower on the reactivity series. I also expected zinc to react with all the solutions except the ferric solution because ferric has a higher oxidation number that the zinc.

Twice Reborn free essay sample

1988, Siem Reap, Cambodia Tuy was beginning another day in the rice paddies. It was slow and meticulous work, pulling weeds one by one with the hot summer sun beating on his back. He would carefully move down the row, taking one side step at a time. As he stepped to his left, he heard a click. Tuy froze. Having been forced to serve in the Khmer Rouge for many years, he knew what that sound meant: in a matter of seconds, his life would change forever. When the landmine went off, it blew Tuy 10 feet into the air, taking both his legs with it. 2005, Concord, New Hampshire Im in my fifth-grade classroom and I stand up to walk to the chalkboard. We will write a custom essay sample on Twice Reborn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I start walking, my back spasms, which throws my head back. My leg wont straighten. I reluctantly look to my friend for help and he comes to my aid, grabbing my arm and helping me to the chalkboard. Although I am thankful for his support, I dont like needing it. I want to walk normally. Walking is something most of us take for granted – until we cant do it. From fifth to tenth grade I had a lot of trouble walking because of a neurological disease called dystonia. I was in and out of a wheelchair for much of those five years. When I first got the wheelchair, I remember I considered putting a â€Å"temporary† sign on the back because I couldnt stand the idea of not being able to walk. But very quickly I learned how to pop a wheelie and started racing fellow students (and the occasional teacher) down the hallway. The wheelchair that I was initially afraid of gave me back a large part of my mobility and allowed me to be more self-reliant. Like me, Tuy also couldnt stand the idea of not being able to walk. Yet for 22 years he was forced to rely on others to help him move around. In the summer of 2009, I went to Cambodia and helped build wheelchairs for Tuy and 11 others. Building wheelchairs was humbling, but giving them out was remarkable. Helping others regain their mobility was an incredible experience. Yet a wheelchair is not just a mode of transportation. For many it gives back a sense of confidence and independence they lost with their ability to walk. When Tuy picked out his wheelchair and began to move around freely, it was as though he was reborn. I know the feeling. It happened to me twice: first, when I was given a wheelchair, and second, when I had deep brain stimulation surgery, which involved the placement of two probes inside my brain. A month later, I slowly began to regain my ability to walk, and this time, I looked normal. My experience with dystonia made me a candidate with the Make-A-Wish Foundation. My wish was to go to Cambodia to build and distribute wheelchairs to those who were disfigured by landmines. Because of dystonia, I am a different person. I now greatly value my independence and have learned to never give up. Yet thats not all that changed. I have developed a different view of life. I now appreciate the little things, whether its being able to stand up in the shower or just walk around with friends. I am almost always smiling, and I make sure I dont take a day for granted because you never know what might happen tomorrow.